Introduction to Metrology Measurment Standards Linear Metrology straight, Flatness, Squareness Parallelism Roundness and Cylindricity Measurements Metrology of Machine tools Limits Fits and Tolerances Angular Metrology Interferometry Comparator Metrology of Surface finish of Screw Threads Gears Miscellaneous MeasurementsStudy of Advanced Measuring machines Introduction to measurement systems Intermediate modifying and terminating devices Force and torque measurement Vibration measurments Pressure measurement Temperature measurement Strain Flow

Introduction and basic concepts; Energy, energy transfer, and general energy analysis; Properties of pure substances; Energy analysis of closed systems; Mass and energy analysis of control volumes; The second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Exergy; Gas powers cycles; Vapor and combined power cycles; Refrigeration cycles; Thermodynamic property relations; Gas mixtures; Gas-vapor mixtures and air-conditioning; Chemical reactions; Chemical and phase equilibrium; Compressible flow; Renewable energy.

Introduction and basic concepts; Energy, energy transfer, and general energy analysis; Properties of pure substances; Energy analysis of closed systems; Mass and energy analysis of control volumes; The second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Exergy; Gas powers cycles; Vapor and combined power cycles; Refrigeration cycles; Thermodynamic property relations; Gas mixtures; Gas-vapor mixtures and air-conditioning; Chemical reactions; Chemical and phase equilibrium; Compressible flow; Renewable energy.

Align your suppty chain with your business strategy The Core Strategic Vision How Companies Use Their Supply Chain to Compete Key Elements of Supply Chain Strategy Tests of a Good Supply Chain Strategy Designing an lntegrated Supply Chain Process Architecture Key Processes for End to_End Supply Chain Management Tests for a Good Supply Chain Architecture Three Activities Essential for Designing Your Company's Supply Chain Organization 0ther Defining Characteristics of Exceptional Supply Chain Organizations Understanding Col laboration The Path to Successful Collaboration Iests of Successful Collaboration Supply Chain Performance Measurement: Selecting the Right Metrics Supply Chain Performance Management: Making Metrics Matter The Relationship Between Supply Chain Performance and financial performance Driving Supply Chain Performance Mastering Complexity for Superior Performance Setting lmprovement Priorities Designing the Transformation Road Map lmplementing the Change

Understanding Our Enyironment Principles of Science and Systems Matter, Energy, and Life Eyolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions Biomes: Global Patterns of Life Population Biology Humań Populations Environmental Health and Toxicology Food and Hunger Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices Biodiversity: Preserying Species Biodiyersity: Preserying Landscapes Restoration Ecology Geology and Earth Resources Climate Change Air Pollution Water Use and Management Water Pollution Conventional Energy Sustainable Energy Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste Urbanization and Sustainable Cities Ecological Economics Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

Concrete, Reinforced Concrete, and Prestressed Concrete Structural Forms Loads Serviceability, Strength, and Structural Safety Design Basis Design Codes and Specifications Safety Provisions of the ACI Code Developing Factored Gravity Loads References Materials Cement Aggregates Proportioning and Mixing Concrete Conveying, Placing, Compacting, and Curing Quality Control Admixtures Properties in Compression Properties in Tension Strength under Combined Stress Shrinkage and Temperature Effects High-Strength Concrete Reinforcing Steels for Concrete Reinforcing Bars Welded Wire Reinforcement Prestressing Steels Fiber Reinforcement References Design of Concrete Structures and Fundamental Assumptions Members and Sections Theory, Codes, and Practice Fundamental Assumptions for Reinforced Concrete Behavior Behavior of Members Subject to Axial Loads Bending of Homogeneous Beams References Problems Chapter Flexural Analysis and Design of Beams Reinforced Concrete Beam Behavior Design of Tension-Reinforced Rectangular Beams Design Aids Practical Considerations in the Design of Beams Rectangular Beams with Tension and Compression Reinforcement TBeams References Problems Shear and Diagonal Tension in Beams Diagonal Tension in Homogeneous Elastic Beams Reinforced Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement Reinforced Concrete Beams with Web Reinforcement ACI Code Provisions for Shear Design Effect of Axial Forces 155 Beams with Varying Depth Alternative Models for Shear Analysis and Design Shear-Friction Design Method References Bond, Anchorage, and Development Length Fundamentals of Flexural Bond Bond Strength and Development Length ACI Code Provisions for Development of Tension Reinforcement Anchorage of Tension Bars by Hooks Anchorage in Tension Using Headed Bars Anchorage Requirements for Web Reinforcement Welded Wire Reinforcement Development of Bars in Compression Bundled Bars Bar Cutoff and Bend Points in Beams Structural Integrity Provisions Integrated Beam Design Example Bar Splices Serviceability Cracking in Flexural Members ACI Code Provisions for Crack Control Control of Deflecticms Immediate Deflections Deflections Due to Long-Term Loads ACI Code Provisions for Control of Deflections Deflections Due to Shrinkage and Temperature Changes Moment vs. Curvature for Reinforced Concrete Sections Analysis and Design for Torsion Torsion in Plain Concrete Members Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Members Torsion Plus Shear ACI Code Provisions for T-0rsion Design References Problems Short Columns Axial Compression Transverse Ties and Spirals Compression Plus Bending of Rectangular Columns Strain Compatibility Analysis and Interaction Diagrams Balanced Failure Distributed Reinforcement Unsymmetrical Reinforcement Circular Columns ACI Code Provisions for Column Design Design Aids Biaxial Bending Load Contour Method Reciprocal Load Method Computer Analysis for Biaxial Bending of Columns Bar Splicing in Columns und Ties Near Beam-Column Joints Transmission of Column Loads through Floor Systems References Problems Slender Columns Concentrically Loaded Columns Compression Plus Bending ACI Criteria for Slendemess Effects in Columns ACI Criteria for Nonsway vs. Sway Structures ACI Moment Magnifier Method for Nonsway Frames ACI Moment Magnifier Method for Sway Frames Second-Order Analysis for Slendemess Effects Analysis of lndeterminate Beams and Frames Continuity Loading Simplifications in Frame Analysis Methods for Elastic Analysis Idealization of the Structure Preliminary Design and Guidelines for Proportioning Members Approximate Analysis ACI Moment Coefficients Limit Analysis Problems Analysis and Design of One-Way Slabs Types of Slabs Design of One-Way Slabs Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement Analysis and Design of Two-Way Slabs Behavior of Two-Way Edge-Supported Slabs Two-Way Column-Supported Slabs Direct Design Method Column-Supported Slabs Flexural Reinforcement for Column-Supported Slabs Depth Limitations of the ACI Code Equivalent Frame Method Shear Design in Flat Plates and Flat Slabs Transfer of Moments at Columns Openings in Slabs Deflection Calculations Analysis for Horizontal Loads Walls General Design Considerations Simplified Method for Axial Load and Out-of-Plane Moment Alternative Method for Out-of-Plane Slender Wall Analysis Shear Walls Footings and Foundations Types and Functions Spread Footings Design Factors Loads, Bearing Pressures, and Footing Size Wall Footings Column Footings Combined Footings Two-Column Footings Strip, Grid, and Mat Foundations Pile Caps Retaining Walls Function and Types Of Retaining Walls Barth Pressure Barth Pressure for Common Conditions of Loading Eternal Stability Basis of Structural Design Drainage and Other Details Exarnple: Design of a Gravity Retaining Wall: Design of a Cantilever Retaining Wall Counterfort Retaining Walls Precast Retaining Walls Strut-and-Tie Models Development of Strut-and-Tie Models Strut-and-Tie Design Methodology ACI Provisions for Strut-and-Tie Models Applications References Problems Contents Design of Reinforcement at Joints Beam-Column Joints Strut-and-Tie Model for Joint Behavior Beam-to-Girder Joints Ledge Girders Corners and T Joints Brackets and Corbels Concrete Building Systems Floor and Roof Systems Precast Concrete for Buildings Diaphragms Engineering Drawings for Buildings Seismic Design Structural Response Seismic Loading Criteria ACI Provisions for Earthquake-Resistant Structures ACI Provisions for Special Moment Frames ACI Provisions for Special Structural Walls, Coupling Beams, Diaphragms, and Trosses ACI Provisions for Shear Strength ACI Provisions for Intermediate Moment Frames Anchoring to Concrete Behavior of Anchors Concrete Breakout Capacity Anchor Design ACI Provisions for Concrete Breakout Capacity Steel Strength Concrete Breakout Capacity of Single Cast-In and Post-Installed Anchors Pullout Strength of Anchors Side-Face Blowout Pryout of Anchors Combined Shear and Normal Force Anchor Reinforcement Adhesive Anchors Earthquake Design Problems Prestressed Concrete Effects of Prestressing Sources of Prestress Force Prestressing Steels Concrete for Prestressed Construction Elastic Flexural Analysis Flexural Strength Partial Prestressing Flexural Design Based on Concrete Stress Limits Shape Selection Tendon Profiles Flexural Design Based on Load Balancing Loss of Prestress Shear, Diagonal Tension, and Web Reinforcement Bond Stress, Transfer Length, and Development Length Anchorage Zone Design Deflection Crack Control for Class C Flexural Members.

Anatomy The musculoskeletal system Tissue behaviour, injury, healing and treatment The nervous system Examination and evaluation Patient/cielent management Differentail diagnosis Gait and posture analysis Imaging studies in orthopaedics Intervention Pharmacology for the orthopeadic physical therapist Manual techniques Neurodynamical mobility and mobilizations Improving Muscle performance mobility neuromuscular control cardiovascular endurance The exremities The shoulder Elbow The foreatm wrist and hand Hip The knee Lower leg ancle and foot Spine and TMJ Vertebral column The craniovertebal region Vertebal artery The cervical spine The Temporomandibular joint The thoracic spine Lumbar spine The sacroiliac joint.

Manufacturing Planning and Control 1A Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 2 Demand Management 3 Forecasting 4 Sales and Operations Planning 4A Advanced S&OP 5 Master Production Scheduling 6 Material Requirements Planning 6A Advanced MRP 7 Capacity Planning and Utilization 8 Production Activity Control 8A Advanced Scheduling 9 Just-in-Time 10 Distribution Requirements Planning 10A Management of Supply Chain Logistics 11 Order Point Inventory Control Methods 12 Strategy and MPC System Design Appendix Areas of the Standard Normal Distribution

Introduction to neuroanatomy Neuronal structure and function Somatosensory pathways and perception Sensorimotor systems of the spinal cord Motor control & the descending systems The special senses Cognition, emotion, and language Neurologic exam Stroke Traumatic brain injury and brain tumor Multiple sclerosis Basal ganglia disorders: Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases Vestibular/cerebellar disorders Age-related neurologic changes Neural tube disorders and hydrocephalus Cerebral palsy Developmental disabilities.

Introduction to supply chain management -- 2.Inventory management and risk pooling -- 3.Network planning -- 4.Supply contracts -- 5.The value of information -- 6.Supply chain integration -- 7.Distribution strategies -- 8.Strategic alliances -- 9.Procurement and outsourcing strategies -- 10.Global logistics and risk management -- 11.Coordinated product and supply chain design -- 12.Customer value -- 13.Smart pricing -- 14.Information technology and business processes -- 15.Technology standards -- App A.Computerized beer game -- App B.The risk pool game -- App C.Excel spreadsheet -- App D.The bidding game.

Information gathering for the ethical hacker Scanning and enumeration Sniffing and evasion Attacking a system Web-based hacking: servers and applications Wireless network hacking Security in cloud computing Trojans and other attacks Cryptography 101 Low Tech: social engineering and physical security The Pan Test: putting it all together Tool, sites and references.

The Lean Killers and Roll Out Errors The "Killers" to a Lean Transformation Background to the Lean Killers How to Design a Lean Transformation so Failure Is Guaranteed A Way Too Typical Scenario And Failure Is Right Around the Comer The lssue of Culture and the Five Gultural Change Leading lndicators 4 Cultures The Importance of Culture The Toyota Production Sys The Five Cultural Change Leading Indicators Some Cultural Aspects of a Ledn Implementation Worthy of Further Thought Cultural Change Leading Indicator No. L, Leadership Leadership Basic Lean Leadership Creating a Leadership Footprint The Four " AhHa" Experiences ... or ... If I Am the Key Leader, Cultural Change Leading Indicator Motivation Motivation to lmplement a Lean Transformation fust How Does the Management Do All That, and Do It Long Term? Lean Manufacturing Is Not Only Built upon the Intrinsic Motivators but the Lean Manufacturing System Fuels These Same Intrinsic Motivators Cultural Change Leading Indicator No. 3, Problem Solving Thlented Problem Solvers What's the First Problem-solving Tool We Should Teach? Brainstorming Rules, the Facilitated Spin-Around What Are Our Problem-Solving Principles? A Word about HyPothesis Testing Appendix-Problem Solving and Standardization: How Are They Similar? Cultural Change Leading Indicator Cultural Change Leading Ind Experimenting Environment icator No. 5, a Learning/Teaching/Survival via Continuous Improvement -via Learning and Teaching We Learn by Doing We Learn by Doing Experiments and Hypothesis Testing PDCA and the Scientific Method Training Teaching by Questioning Reflection as a Training and Growth Tool A Final Word or Two Growth and Failure The solution......How to lmplement Lean Manufacturing Lean Manufacturing and the Toyota Production System The Popular Definition of Lean What Did Ohno Say about the Toyota Production System? The TPS and Lean Manufacturing Defined Who Developed the TPS? The TWo Pillars of the TPS The Original Western View of the Japanese Techniques What Is Really Different about the TPS? The Behavioral Definition The Business Definition Several Revolutionary Concepts in the TPS The TPS Is Not a Complete Manufacturing System A Critical and Comparative Analysis of Various Philosophies Where Lean Will Not Work... or Not Work Quite So Weil So just What Is Lean? Inventory and Variation Background Do I Have and Why Do I Need the Inventory? What Is so Bad about Inventory? About Variation Buffers Kanban Finished Goods Inventory Calculations Make-to-Stock versus Make-to-Order Production Systems Lean Manufacturing Simplified The Philosophy and Objectives The Foundation of Quality Control...The Foundational Issues The Significance of Lead Time Some History of Lead Time Benefits of Lead-Time Reductions Excalibur Machine Shop, Lead-Time Reductions Techniques to Reduce Lead Times Why Lead Time Is the Basic Measure of Being Lean? The Path to Lean-The Five Strategies to Becoming Lean Overview of the Path to Lean, the Lean Transformation Strategies lmplementing Lean Strategies on the Production Line-The Takt Calculation-The Basic Time Study The Balancing Study-The Spaghetti Diagram Value Stream Mapping Sustaining the Gains Why Is It so Important? How Do We Know There Is a What Is Process Gain? A Lean Transformation You and Your Team Mus t Have the Correct Mental Model of Lean The Lean Transformation... at the Corporate Level An Overview on FIow to Implement Lean at a Value Stream The Second Commitment Evaluation of Management Commitment Planning and Goals The Inherent Leverage in Planning Why Are Goals and Goal Deployment so Important? Policy Deployment Leadership in Goal Development, Execution, and Determining Constraint Management Loss? the Prescription Bottleneck Theory Cellular Manufacturing The Gamma Line Redesign to Cellular Manufacturing The Story of the AlPha Line How We Got Involved Initial Efforts to Implement Cultural Change Some of the Results Continuous Improvement, as It Should Be The Cool Story of SPC: SPC Done Right! How Did the Atpha Line Management Team Handle the Fundamentals of Cultural Change? The Story of the Bravo Line: A Thle of Reduced Lead Time and Lots of Early Gains Background Information Implementing. The Resultg Using the Prescription-Three Case Studies Lean Preparation Done WelL The Story of Larana Manufacturing The Zeta Cell: A Great Example of Applying the Four Strategies to Reduce Waste and Achieve Huge Early Gains The Case of the QED Motors Company: Another Great Example of Huge Gains on an Entire Value Stream Applying the Second Prescription at QED Motors-How to Implement Lean The Precursors to Lean-Not Handled Well Background to the ABC Widgets Story We Analyze the Data How Did the Management Team from ABC Widgets Handle the Cultural Change Leading Indicators? The Real Message House of Lean System wide Assessments and a Cool A House of Lean An Experiment in Variation, Dependent Events, and Inventory.

Supply chain strategy Supply chain performance strategy Inventory strategy Sourcing strategy Transportation strategy Warehousing strategy Supply chain outsourcing strategy Supply chain information systems strategy Supply chain organization strategy Supply chain planning strategy.

Intoduction to drawing Computer aided drafting drawing apparatus CAD Lines and freehand sketching Lettering Basic Dimensioning Orthographic projections Selectional views Auxiliary views Axonometric views and oblique views Perspective views Riveted joints Threads Bolts and nuts Welded joints Shafts keys cotter and pin joints Couplings and clutches Pipe joints Tolerance limits and fits Geometrical tolerances and surface finish Material scecifications Production drawings Springs Belts and pulleys Bearings Gears Part and assembly drawings Internal combustion engines steam power plants machine tools

1.2 History of the Automobile 1.3 lndian Automobiles 1.4 Types of Automobiles 1.5 Layout of an Automobile '1.6 Major Components of the Au,tomobile '1.7 Functions of the Automobile Components 1.8 Manufacturers of Motor Vehicles in lndia 2. Automobile Engines 2.2 Classification of Automobile Engines 2.3 Use of Engines 2.4 Merits and Demerits of Vertical and Horizontal Engines 2.5 Reasons for Using Single-cylinder Two-stroke Air-cooled Petrol Engine orr Two-wheelers 2.6 Reasons for Using Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine for Comrnercial Vehicles 2.7 Merits and Demerits of Two-stroke and Four-stroke Cycle Engines 2.8 Advantages of a Multi-cylinder Engine for the Same Power 3. Engine Construction 3.2 Cylinder Blocks S.S CylinOerLiner 3.4 Crankcase 3.5 Cylinder Head 3.6 Gaskets 3.7 Piston 3.8 Piston Rings 3.9 Piston Pin 3.'10 Connecting Rod 3.'11 Crankshaft' 3.12 Balance Weight 3.13 Vibration DamPer 3.14 Camshaft 3.15 Valves 3.16 Port-timing Diagram 3.17 Fly Wheel 3.18 Manifolds 4. Engine Maintenance and Troubleshooting 4.2 Preventive Maintenance 4.3 Engine Maintenance 4.4 Dismounting the Engine 4.5 Engine Disassembly 4.6 lnspection of Engine Components 4.7 Engine Reassembly 5. Combustion Process in Petrol Engines 5.2 Properties of Petrol (gasoline) 5.3 Octane Number 5.4 Octane Ratings 5.5 Combustion Process in Petrol Engine 5.6 Types of Combustion Chambers Review Questions 6. Combustion Process in Diesel Engines 6.2 Properties of Diesel Fuel 6.3 Combustion Process in Cl Engine 6.4 DieselXnock 6.5 Types of Cl Combustion Chambers 6.6 Open Combustion Chamber 6.7 Pre-Combustion Chąmber 6.8 furbulence Combustion Chamber 6.9 Air Cell Combustion Chamber 6.10 Energy Cell Combustion Chamber 7. Fuel System for Petrol Engine 7.2 Fuel System for Petrol Engine 7.3 Gravity Feed System 7.4 Fuel Pumps 7.5 Propeńies of Air-fuel Mixture 7.6 Engine Requirements 7.7 Simple Carburettor 7.8 Throttle Valve 7.9 Mixture Control Devices 7.10 Types of lnlet Manifolds 7.11 AirCleaner 7.12 Working of Popular Makes of Carburettors Used in lndian Vehicles 8. Fuel lnjection Equipment for Diese! Engine 8.2 Fuel lnjection System 8.3 Fuel lnjection Pump for Diesel Engine 8.4 Diesellnjector 8.5 Govemor 9. Cooling System of Engines 9.2 Cooling System 9.3 Pańs of Cooling System 9.4 Water Jacket 9.4 Cooling WaterAdditives 10. Lubrication System of Engines 10.2 Friction '10.3 Mechanism of Lubrication '10.4 Functions of Lubricating Oil '10.5 Viscosity 't0.6 Properties of lunricating oil 10.7 AdditiVes for Lubricants 't0.8 lmportance of Low Viscosity oil 10.9 Lubrification in Automobile Engines 10.10 Classification of Lubricating Oils 10.'t1 Lubrication System 10.12 Crankcase Ventilation 10.13 Lubrication Chart 11. Supercharging of lG Engines '11.2 Purpose of Supercharging 11.3 Effect of Supercharging 11.4 Methods of lncreasing Air Capacity 11.5 Supercharging and Thermal Efficiency 11.6 Merits of Supercharging in Relation to High Compression Ratio Method 11.7 Methods of lncreasing Power in an Engine at Fixed Engine Speed 11.8 Supercharging of a Petrol Engine 11.9 Supercharging of a Diesel Engine 11.10 Merits of Superchargers 11.'11 Effect of Supercharging on Mechanical Efficiency 11.12 Effect of Supercharging on Fuel Consumption 11.13 Supercharging of a Two-stroke Engine 11.14 Types of Superchargers 12. Clutch 12.2 Funclion of a Clutch 12.3 Main Pańs of a Clutch 12.4 Clutch Types 12.5 Clutch Actuating Mechanism 12.6 Clutch Construction 12.7 Driven Member-(Friction or Clutch Disc) 12.8 Automatic Transmission Devices 12.9 Troubleshooting/Service Procedures 13. Gear Box 13.2 Type of Gear Boxes 13.3 Three Speed Gear Box 13.4 Merits and Demerits of Gear Boxes 13,5 Gear Shifting Mechanisms 13.6 Epicylic Gear Box 13.7 Gear Reduction 13'8 Overdrive 13.9 Maruti 800 Gear Box 13.10 Five-speed Gear Box Propetter Shaft and Universal Joint 14.2 Drive Mechanism from Gear Box to Final Drive in Cars 14.3 Propeller Shaft (Constructional Features) 14.4 Shaft 14.5 Universal Joints 14.6 Centre Bearing in Propeller Shaft Drive 14.7 Propeller Shaft Problems 15. Rear Axle Assembly 15.2 Purpose of the Final Drive 15.3 Final Drive Requirements 15.4 The Final Drive 15.5 The Differential Axle Housing 18.7 Maintenance of Rear Axle 15.9 Troubleshooting in Differentials 16. Steerlng and Front Axle 16.1 Function of the Steering System 16.2 Steering Gears '16.3 Steering Mechanisms Used in Some lndian Vehicles 16.4 Steering Linkage 16.5 Steering Wheeland Column 16.6 Front Axle 16.7 Steering Heads 16.8 Steering Geometry 16.9 Wheel Alignment 16.10 Adjusting Steering Angles 16.11 Ackerman Linkage 16.'t2 PowerSteering 16.13 Understeering and Oversteering 16.14 Steering Lock 16.15 Turning Radius 17. Brakes '17.2 Functions of a Brake 17.3 Requirements of a Brake System 17.4 Brake Actuating Mechanism 17.5 Leading and Trailing Shoes *7.6 Classification of Brakes 17.7 Tandem Master Cylinder 17.8 Drum Brakes 17.9 Self-energized Brakes 17.10 Disc Brakes 17.'11 Floating-CaliperBrakes 17.12 Power Brakes 17.13 Air-Hydraulic Brakes 17.14 Air Brake System 17.15 Emergency and Parking Brakes 18. Suspension System 18.2 Brief History 18.3 Need for a Good Suspension System 18.4 Stages in Suspension System 18.5 Elements of a Suspension System 18.6 Suspension Systems 18.7 Suspension System Maintenance and Troubleshooting '18.8 lnspection and Service of Suspension System (General) 18.9 Troubleshooting of Suspension Systems 19. Wheels and Tyres 19.2 Types of Automobile Wheels 19.3 Tyres 19.4 Types of Tyres 19.5 Tyre Tread 't9.6 Tyre Selection 19.7 Tyre Service Parameters 19.8 Tyre Maintenance 20. Ghassis Layout and Fraines 20.2 location of Power Plant 2O:3 Classification of Chassis 20.4 Types of Frames 20.5 Sub-frame 21. Auto-Electric System 2't.1 Auto Electric System 21.2 Main Components of the Electrical System 21.8 Starter Uo 21.4 Generator 21.5' Alternator Type Generator 21.6 Types of Wound Field Generators 21-7 Regulation and Regulators 21.8 lgnition Systems 21.9 Distributor 21.10 lgnition Coil 21.'11 lgnition Timing 2'1.12 lgnition Advance 21.13 Spark Plug 21.14 Electronic lgnition System 21.15 Electronic Switching Systems 21.16 Operation of Electronic lgnition System 21.'17 Automobile Battery 21.'l8 Low-maintenance and Maintenance-free Batteries ZL Automobile Emission and lts Control 22.2 Complete and lncomplete Combustion 22.3 Constituents of Exhaust 22.4 Pollutant Formation 22.5 Effect of Air-Fuel Ratio on Exhaust Emissions 22.6 Effect of Driving Mode on Exhaust Emission 22.7 Sources of Pollutants in an Automobile 22.8 Gontrol Approaches for Automobilc Emission 22.9 Muffler 403 2..10 Various Tests 22.11 Alternative Automobile Fuel 23. Petrol Fuel lnjection System 23.2 Petrol Fuel lnjection System 23.3 Classification of Petrol-Fuel lnjection System 23.4 Advantage of Port Fuel lnjection or Multipoint Fuel lnjection System 23.5 Description of Some Petrol Fuel lnjection Systems 23.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Fuel lnjection System Il' Heating and Air Conditioning System 24.2 Ventilation System 24.3 Heating System 24-4 Heater Controls , 24.5 Purpose of Air Conditioning 24.6 Principles of Air Conditioning Operation of the Air Conditioning System 24-B Air Conditioning System Components 2'1.9 Refrigerant and the Environment 24.10 lnspection of Air Conditioner 24.11 Troubleshooting 25. Maintenance of Automobile Body and Painting 25.1 Automobile Body 25.2 Automotive Paints and Primers 25.3 Spray Painting Gun and Drive 25.4 Sophisticated Precision Spray and Bake Booth 25.5 Body Care and Maintenance 26. Passenger Safety 26.2 Seat Belts 26.3 Gadgets Fitted in Cars for Safe Operation 26.4 Safe Driving 2Q.5 More Points for Safe Driving 26.6 Precautions in Case of an Accident 26.7 Some Features in Cars of Today 27. Engine Performance and Testing 28.2 Engine Measurements 27.3 Factors Affecting Engine Power 27.4 Engine Rating and Related Factors 27.5 Methods of Determining the Engine Horsepower 27.6 Engine Efficiency 28. Garages and Service Stations 28.2 Types of Garages 28.3 Location and Layout of Garages and Service Stations 28.4 Layout of a Workshop 28.5 Equipment for Garages and Service Stations 28.6 Motor Vehicle Workshop Tools 28.7 lmportant Services and Equipment 28,8 Standard Service for Cars and Light Vans 28.9 Serviee Procedure